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Ethics is the branch of philosophy that deals with morality and how it shapes behavior. Different branches of the study of ideals look at where our views of morality come up from and how they shape our everyday lives. There are four major ethical theories: deontology (or duty), utilitarianism, rights, and virtue. Each one of these theories looks at our ethical behavior in dissimilar means.

Deontology

The theory of deontology states that when we take to make ethical decisions, our showtime thoughts are on our duties and obligations. According to this theory, what we believe our duties are volition drive how we act in dissimilar situations. For example, we may make a conclusion based on following the constabulary or based on our loyalty toward friends or family members.A

The biggest pigsty in the theory of deontology is that at that place's no standard for what a person'southward duties and obligations are. Philosophers who don't agree with this theory believe that everyone'due south duties are different, then there'south no fashion to know what drives a person to make a particular decision.

U tilitarianism

Co-ordinate to the theory of utilitarianism, people choose their actions based on how their decisions will benefit the nigh people. Yous make a decision that will exist best for anybody involved. There are two sides to this theory. Human action utilitarianism says you will make decisions based on helping others, while dominion utilitarianism says you will human action out of fairness.

Those who don't concur with this theory believe that nobody can predict outcomes, then we can't know what the benefits of our actions volition be. Comparing consequences can be hard, so some philosophers say that we can't truly make utilitarian decisions.

R ights

The rights theory of ethics says that people make decisions based on the rights that their guild agrees to. What the majority of people in that social club believes is of import will drive decisions. For example, the rights we Americans have in our Constitution should exist factors in our decision-making according to this theory. Our rights, such as freedom of speech and liberty of religion, should help us decide how to deport.

People who don't agree with this theory believe that a social club'southward rights are too complicated to figure out. They say it's likewise hard to tell what well-nigh people think is important to the whole club, so it's a messy idea to base decisions on. Societies that don't have written laws similar our Constitution make this theory less conceivable, according to some philosophers.

V irtue

The ethical theory of virtue states that we can judge a person's decisions based on his or her graphic symbol and morality. The way someone lives his or her life can explain any upstanding determination co-ordinate to this theory. For case, a person who lies and cheats to go ahead in life probably makes decisions based on advancing his or her own interests co-ordinate to the virtue theory.

The biggest hole in this theory is that people can change their moral character, and the theory doesn't take changes in morality into account. The virtue theory puts people in boxes based on their reputations at one point in time.

C onsequential Ethics

These iv theories fall into i of two categories. The first one, consequential ethics, states that outcomes decide ethical decisions. Therefore, the event of a situation makes that conclusion OK. For example, it'due south upstanding for yous to tell a white prevarication if information technology achieves what you need or want it to.

The theory of utilitarianism falls into this category because the benefit of decisions is the biggest factor. The virtue theory can fit into consequential ethics because a person'due south reputation can exist based on the consequences of his or her decisions.

N onconsequential Ideals

Nonconsequential ideals is the other side of the money to consequential ideals. It says that people base of operations their decisions not on the result but on the values and behavior that they concord deeply. In nonconsequential ethics, you'll decide on a state of affairs based on what you believe rather than what may happen. For example, you lot won't lie in a state of affairs if you believe that honesty is important.

The theory of deontology falls nether this blazon of ideals because people make decisions based on their duty to those around them. Likewise, the rights theory belongs in this category because the rights that society holds dear are important over whatsoever other cistron. Virtue could also fit hither because people of high moral character can determine based on their values.

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